The DCES and Pump Therapy

Helping People Use Insulin Pump Therapy Successfully

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), also known as insulin pump therapy, is in its fifth decade of use and continues to grow in popularity. More recently, there has been an integration of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices onto the pump screen and the creation of the first FDA approved insulin pump that responds to sensor data to adjust basal rates, suspend on low or impending low, and give automatic correction bolus doses when glucose is approaching pre-determined targets.

Automated insulin delivery systems are revolutionizing glucose management.^1,2 The current data indicate there are over one million people with diabetes on insulin pump therapy worldwide³ and 350,000 to 515,000 in the United States.⁴ Insulin pump therapy offers increased lifestyle flexibility and improved glucose management.

Role of the Diabetes Care and Education Specialist

Diabetes care and education specialists play an integral role in helping people with diabetes (PWD) achieve success in the use of insulin pump therapy, which has been demonstrated to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life.

Diabetes care and education specialists:

• Support PWD as they consider, initiate and learn how to use an insulin pump to manage their diabetes.
• Coordinate the plan of care between the prescriber, insulin pump manufacturer and insulin pump trainer during pump initiation and ongoing management.
• Serve as a resource for other health care professionals and community organizations that provide support for those who use insulin pumps.
• Serve as a resource to family members or significant others who support the person with diabetes.
• Complete trainings and gain experience, over and above that of being a certified diabetes care & education specialist (CDCES), to be considered an expert in insulin pump therapy (i.e., CPT).
• Obtain advanced knowledge and training in the use of CSII, carbohydrate counting as it relates to CSII, and the ability to evaluate and interpret data downloads to provide treatment recommendations.
• Obtain certification to provide training in the use of each specific brand and model of insulin pump with which they work. This is obtained through the individual insulin pump manufacturers.

Explore our insulin pump section further to find topics that should be covered by diabetes care and education specialists when teaching people with diabetes and their families or significant others. Insulin pump therapy and the importance of maintaining a high level of expertise in this subspecialty of diabetes education if choosing to include pump and sensor training in the individual specialist’s practice are critical in diabetes management today.

References:

^{1. Bergenstal R, Tamorlane W, Ahmann A et al. Effectiveness of sensor-augmented insulin-pump therapy in Type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2010:363:311-320. 2. Bally L, Hood T and Hovorka R. Closed-loop for Type 1 diabetes-an introduction and appraisal for the generalist. BMC Medicine. 2-17:15:14. Accessed 8/26/2017/ 3. Heinemann L, Fleming G, Petrie J et al. Insulin Pump Risks and Benefits: A Clinical Appraisal of Pump Safety Standards, Adverse Event Reporting, and Research Needs A Joint Statement of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes and the American Diabetes Association Diabetes Technology Working Group. Diabetes Care 2015;38:716–722. 4. Grunberger G, Abelseth J, Bailey T, et al. (2014) Consensus Statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology Insulin Pump Management Task Force. Endocrine Practice: 2014:20(5) 463-489. 5. Decision Memo for Insulin Pump: C-Peptide Levels as a Criterion for Use (CAG-00092R) available: https://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/details/nca-decision-memo.aspx?NCAId=109&. Accessed 9/6/2017 6. Beck J, Greenwood D, Blanton L et al. 2017 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci17-0025. Accessed 9/9/2017. 7. Walsh J, Roberts R. Pumping Insulin: Everything for Success on an Insulin Pump and CGM. 6th Edition. Torrey Pines Press, 2016 8. McCrea, D. A Primer on Insulin Pump Therapy for Health Care Providers. Nurs Clin N Am 52 (2017) 553–564. 9. Bolderman K. “Pump Start-Up” in Putting Your Patients on the Pump. Alexandria VA: American Diabetes Association 2013. 10. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes--2017. Diabetes Care. 2017;40 Suppl 1:S48-57. 11. Handelsman Y, Mechanick JI, Blonde L, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice for developing a diabetes mellitus comprehensive care plan. Endocr Pract. 2011;17 Suppl 2:1-53. 12. Clayton-Jeter H. Contributing Factors to Insulin Pump Errors in Children, Adolescents and Adults Available: http://www.fda.gov/forhealthprofessionals/articlesofinterest/ucm295562.htm. Accessed February 13, 2014. 13. Aldasouqi S and Reed A. Pitfalls of insulin pump clocks: technical glitches that may potentially affect medical care in patient with diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2014;8(6):1215-1220. 14. Evert AB, Insulin pump therapy troubleshooting for optimal performance. Empower. 2015;7(4):23-24 15. Guilhem I, Leguerrier AM, Lecordier F, et al. Technical risks with subcutaneous insulin infusion. Diabetes Metab. 2006;32(3):279-284. 16. Maahs D, Horton L and Chase H. The use of insulin pumps in youth with Type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther 2010;12(suppl1):S59-65. 17. Cornish A, Chase HP. Navigating airport security with an insulin pump and/or sensor. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2012;14(11):984-985. 18. American Diabetes Association. Fact Sheet – Air Travel and Diabetes Available: http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/know-your-rights/discrimination/publicaccommodations/air-traveland-diabetes/what-can-i-bring-with-me.html?referrer=https://www.google.com/. Accessed 9/10/2017 19. Diabetes care in the school and day care setting. Diabetes Care. 2014;37 Suppl 1:S91-96. 20. McCrea D. Management of the hospitalized diabetes patient with an insulin pump. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2013;25(1):111-121. 21. Boyle ME, Seifert KM, Beer KA, et al. Guidelines for application of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (insulin pump) therapy in the perioperative period. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2012;6(1):184- 190. 22. Buchko BL, Artz B, Dayhoff S, et al. Improving care of patients with insulin pumps during hospitalization: translating the evidence. J Nurs Care Qual. 2012;27(4):333-340. 23. Rodbard D. Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Review of Successes, Challenges and Opportunities. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2016;18(Suppl2):S2-3-S2-13. 24. https://www.diabeteseducator.org/practice/practice-documents/practice-papers © Copyright © 2021 Association of Diabetes Care & Education Specialists. All rights reserved Reproduction or republication strictly prohibited without prior written permission 13 25. Bergenstal RM1, Tamborlane WV, Ahmann A, et al STAR 3 Study Group. Sensor-augmented pump therapy for A1C reduction (START 3) Study: results from the 6 month continuation phase. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(11):2403-5. 26. Abraham MB1,2, Nicholas JA1,3, Smith GJ3 et al; PLGM Study Group. Reduction in Hypoglycemia With the Predictive Low-Glucose Management System: A Long-Term Randomized Controlled Trial in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2017;Nov 30. pii: dc171604. doi: 10.2337/dc17- 1604. [Epub ahead of print] 27. Forlenza G, Raghinaru D, Cameron F, et al. Predictive hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia minimization: In-home double-blind randomized controlled evaluation in children and young adolescents. Pediatric Diabetes. 2017;1-9. 28. Breton M, Chernavvsky D, Forlenza G et al. Closed-loop control during intense prolonged outdoor exercise in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes: the artificial pancreas ski study. Diabetes Care. 2017:40(12):1644-50. 12. 29. Tauschmann M, Thabit H, Bally L, et al. Closed-loop insulin delivery in suboptimally controlled Type 1 diabetes: a multicentre 12-week randomised trial. Lancet. 2018:13:92. 30. OpenAPS.Outcomes. Downloaded 3/2/2021. 31. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2021Diabetes Care. 2021;44 Suppl 1:S89 32. Danne T, Nimri R, Battelino R et al. International consensus of use of continuous glucose monitoring. Diabetes Care. 2017:40(12):1631-1640. 33. Chase P and Messner L. Understanding insulin pumps, continuous glucose monitors and the artificial pancreas (3rd ed). 2016. Children’s Diabetes Foundation at Denver, Colorado. 34. Wallia A, Umpierrez G, Rushakoff R et al. Consensus statement on inpatient use of continuous glucose monitoring. J. Diabetes Sci Technol. 2017:11(5);1036-1041. 35. Shapiro A. FDA approval of nonadjunctive use of continuous glucose monitors for insulin dosing: A potential risky decision. JAMA. 2017:318(16);1541-1542. 36. Rinker J, Dickinson J, Litchmanb M et al. Diabetes Educator. 2018:44(3):260-268.}